El objetivo del presente trabajo es contribuir en el debate actual sobre el cuestionamiento crítico de la subjetividad moderna, buscando someterlo a prueba desde los referentes ineludibles de la condición nihilista imperante y de las aportaciones de la biopolítica. En la primera parte se determina la crítica moderna del sujeto desde las transformaciones que genera la economía desorganizada; en la segunda parte se abordan algunas de las principales paradojas que genera la crisis del sujeto facturado desde el referente biopolítico; y, (...) finalmente, en la tercera parte se consideran las posibilidades que la asunción de dichas paradojas generan para la activación de un desplazamiento de lateral de la subjetividad moderna a manera de mutación ontológica ante los desafíos actuales por renovar la emancipación. (shrink)

El artículo se propone indagar en el influjo que la cultura griega tiene sobre el pensador alemán, en particular destacando la importancia que adquiere la filosofía anterior a la aparición del idealismo platónico. Primero, se exploran algunos factores que el joven Nietzsche obtiene en las incursiones de sus particulares investigaciones filológicas, en un proceso de transformación espiritual que lo conduce con resolución hacia el ámbito de la filosofía. Luego, se destaca la aplicación de estos hallazgos como coordenadas de referencia para (...) la aproximación que realiza de los presocráticos, en la línea de inspiración creativa utilizándolos como acicate para la superación y modelos para el desarrollo de una auténtica filosofía como forma de vida. Finalmente, se establecen los elementos del bagaje griego que asimila y procesa el Nietzsche maduro para el envite de su propia propuesta sediciosa, luego sintetizada como «filosofía de Dioniso». (shrink)

Con motivo de los 150 años de la publicación de El nacimiento de la tragedia de F. Nietzsche, el presente artículo se propone revisar algunos de los principales aspectos que conforman el sustrato griego del que parte su específica propuesta sediciosa, en particular el uso que realiza de lo que denomina desde la primavera de 1885 la «filosofía de Dioniso», como marca indeleble del giro que en ese momento realiza su pensamiento. Sin embargo, la presencia de la desmesurada divinidad griega (...) del vino se manifiesta en sus deliberaciones aún antes de la publicación de su opera prima. Para una posible renovación de la filosofía se requiere que el filósofo consiga experimentar diversas formas de vivir, para conseguir darle el auténtico valora a la vida. Por eso, uno de los principales rasgos que significa este vuelco potenciador es sin duda retomando el hilo conductor del cuerpo, lo que se puede denominar la «filosofía de la animalidad» nietzscheana. (shrink)

El artículo se propone indagar en la concepción de la «realidad» que tiene la sofística, como referente fundamental para entender mejor su propuesta crítica ante el avance que en esa época está teniendo la «filosofía dogmática» de tipo metafísica. En particular centrando el análisis en la invectiva que al respecto realiza Gorgias de Leontinos en los fragmentos conservados de dos de sus obras fundamentales: el tratado De lo que no es o de la naturaleza y el discurso Encomio de Helena. (...) Aquí se considera que esta es una posible ruta que permite reconstruir parte de su sediciosa propuesta filosófica. El núcleo fundamental que impulsa la reflexión gorgiana es la infranqueable distancia que separa la concepción de una supuesta «realidad en sí» del pensamiento y lenguaje; ante esta prerrogativa es factible entender el poder que le atribuye al logos para influir en las almas y acciones de los seres humanos, pero también en la capacidad del discurso para «hacer diciendo»; en este sentido perfila su perspectiva extrema de que las palabras estrictamente humanas en su fuerza performativa hacen factible «crear la realidad». (shrink)

Este artículo pretende contribuir en el establecimiento de algunos parámetros que permitan constituir una «metaforología» del superhombre nietzscheano, en tanto que se considera que la aplicación de una metaforología integradora permite comprender mejor el pensamiento crítico de la transvaloración de la filosofía de martillo nietzscheana; en particular el uso de la metáfora sediciosa como estrategia para pensar de otra forma la condición humana establecida por el nihilismo cristiano y las posibilidades creativas de la invectiva del superhombre frente a los retos (...) abiertos por la «muerte de Dios». (shrink)

Retraction note: Alvarez Velázquez, E., Vargas Hernández, A. N. & Martínez Sánchez, C. E. (2023). Job satisfaction measurement scale. HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Revista Internacional De Humanidades, 17(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v12.4730 The Editorial Office of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group has retracted this article. An investigation carried out by our Research Integrity Department has found a group of articles, among which this one is found, that are not within the thematic scope of the journal. We believe that the editorial process was (...) manipulated and, furthermore, acceptance decisions were made under possibly inappropriate peer review. (shrink)

La investigación propone un diseño metodológico de una escala que permite conocer el grado de satisfacción laboral en Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (Pymes). Se basa en la teoría de higiene y motivación de Herzberg. Se integra por 15 ítems. La claridad y pertinencia de los ítems se validó con cinco expertos. Para su validez y confiabilidad se obtuvo una adecuación maestral KMO de.863. Se encontró que los resultados son significativos (X2 = 441.790, gl = 105, p =.000). El alfa de (...) Cronbach fue igual a.906. El ejercicio de prueba se realiza en Pymes de Tuxpan Veracruz, México. (shrink)

In this paper we present a new categorical approach which attempts to provide an original understanding of QM. Our logos categorical approach attempts to consider the main features of the quantum formalism as the standpoint to develop a conceptual representation that explains what the theory is really talking about —rather than as problems that need to be bypassed in order to allow a restoration of a classical “common sense” understanding of what there is. In particular, we discuss a solution to (...) Kochen-Specker contextuality through the generalization of the meaning of global valuation. This idea has been already addressed by the so called topos approach to QM —originally proposed by Isham, Butterfiled and D ̈oring— in terms of sieve-valued valuations. The logos approach to QM presents a different solution in terms of the notion of intensive valuation. This new solution stresses an ontological reading of the quantum formalism and the need to restore an objective conceptual representation and understanding of quantum physical reality. (shrink)

In this work I present a detailed critique of the dignity-related arguments that have been advanced against the creation of human–nonhuman chimeras that could possess human-like mental capacities. My main claim is that the arguments so far advanced are incapable of grounding a principled objection against the creation of such creatures. I conclude that these arguments have one, or more, of the following problems: they confuse the ethical assessment of the creation of chimeras with the ethical assessment of how such (...) creatures would be treated in specific contexts, they misrepresent how a being could be treated solely as means towards others’ ends, they fall short of demonstrating how humanity’s dignity would be violated by the creation of such entities, and they fail to properly characterise the moral responsibilities that moral agents have towards other moral agents and sentient beings. (shrink)

In this paper, we argue that lesbian couples who wish to have children who are genetically related to both of them should be allowed access to mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs). First, we provide a brief explanation of mitochondrial diseases and MRTs. We then present the reasons why MRTs are not, by nature, therapeutic. The upshot of the view that MRTs are non-therapeutic techniques is that their therapeutic potential cannot be invoked for restricting their use only to those cases where a (...) mitochondrial DNA disease could be ‘cured’. We then argue that a positive case for MRTs is justified by an appeal to reproductive freedom, and that the criteria to access these techniques should hence be extended to include lesbian couples who wish to share genetic parenthood. Finally, we consider a potential objection to our argument: that the desire to have genetically related kin is not a morally sufficient reason to allow lesbian couples to access MRTs. (shrink)

This study delved into the Senior High School Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) track in Bohol Province for the 2022-2023 school year, aiming to evaluate policy implementation, recognize barriers, and propose interventions. Employing a mixed-method approach, integrating quantitative-descriptive surveys and qualitative-descriptive research methods as recommended by Creswell and Plano Clark (2017), the findings unveiled a predominantly positive perception of policy implementation across various dimensions of the TVL track. These encompass curriculum development, teacher training, resource allocation, industry partnerships, assessment and evaluation, student support services, (...) monitoring and quality assurance, policy adaptation and improvement, stakeholder engagement, legal framework and compliance, data collection and analysis, and inclusivity and equity. Despite variations among teachers and administrators, a general commitment to policy implementation emerged. The study identified barriers in curriculum and instruction, readiness and preparedness, resource limitations, and teaching and learning, emphasizing evidence-based strategies and interdisciplinary approaches to surmount challenges. It underscores the crucial role of research and policy development in elevating the quality and efficacy of TVL education. (shrink)

In de Ronde and Massri it was argued against the orthodox definition of quantum entanglement in terms of pure and separable states. In this paper we attempt to discuss how the logos categorical approach to quantum mechanics is able to provide an objective formal account of the notion of entanglement—completely independent of both purity and separability—in terms of the potential coding of intensive relations and effective relations. We will show how our novel redefinition allows us to provide an anschaulich content (...) to the notion of entanglement, erasing in this way the “spookiness” still present within its orthodox understanding in terms of space-time separated collapse particles. (shrink)

A obra de Dilthey desempenha um papel fundamental para a filosofia contemporânea, na medida em que Dilthey distingue duas esferas por meio das quais temos acesso ao todo da realidade: a experiência objetiva ( die Erfahrung ) e a vivência ( das Erlebnis ). É esta distinçáo que possibilita a Dilthey, em oposiçáo às ciências da natureza, conceber as condições de evidência e validade das ciências do espírito. Ainda que náo nomeada com estes termos, esta distinçáo vai estar na base (...) dos textos de muitos autores do final do século XIX e do século XX. Conquanto Dilthey elabore sua teoria no decorrer de uma vasta obra, nosso objetivo é reconstruir a distinçáo que ele estabelece a partir do modo como ele reinterpreta o princípio de razáo suficiente, conforme formulado por Leibniz e Wolff. Também procuramos mostrar, a seguir, como esta reinterpretaçáo permite a Dilthey opor, à esfera dos conhecimentos teóricos circunscrita por Kant, a esfera dos conhecimentos relativos à vivência. Assim, o argumento principal aqui exposto estabelece um vínculo entre o modo como Dilthey reinterpreta o princípio de razáo suficiente e o modo como reconstrói cientificamente a fundamentaçáo das ciências do espírito, concebendo-as a partir de uma relaçáo específica entre evidência e validade. (shrink)

This paper examines whether there are moral differences between the mitochondrial replacement techniques that have been recently developed in order to help women afflicted by mitochondrial DNA diseases to have genetically related children absent such conditions: maternal spindle transfer and pronuclear transfer. Firstly, it examines whether there is a moral difference between MST and PNT in terms of the divide between somatic interventions and germline interventions. Secondly, it considers whether PNT and MST are morally distinct under a therapy/creation optic. Finally, (...) it investigates whether there is a moral difference between MST and PNT from a human embryo destruction point of view. I conclude, contra recent arguments, that regarding the first two points there is no moral differences between PNT and MST; and that regarding the third one MST is morally preferable to PNT, but only if we hold a gradualist account of the moral value of human embryos where zygotes have slight moral value. (shrink)

El artículo es un esbozo de una estética de los signos de los tiempos, el cual propone en base a la categoría nietzscheana de metáfora, una heurística de los signos de los tiempos en la historia latinoamericana. Este esbozo pretende una lectura de Latinoamérica desde una nueva base epistemológica ‘dejando sin habla’ los supuestos metafísicos mediante una retirada a la metáfora de los signos de los tiempos en su emergencia original. Para lo cual se exponen las metáforas de la infancia (...) como emergencia de una nueva era, entendida como inversión cósmica y epistemológica, las metáforas relativas al martirio y a la señal de Jonás, y finalmente, exponemos metáforas que relacionan revelación y signos de los tiempos, para esto estudiamos las metáforas del ‘pasar a la otra orilla’ y las del ‘enigma’ y la interrogación. The artick is an outüne of an aesthetic of the signs of the times, which proposes the category based on Nietzschean metaphor, a heuristic of the signs of the times in Latín American history. This sketch of an aesthetic seeks a ¿¡/¡constructiva reading that produces a new epistemological basis ‘left speechkss'metaphysical assumptions by a withdrawal to the metaphor of the signs of the times in its original emergency. We describe the metaphors of childhood as emergence of a new era, and understood as cosmic investment epistemohgical metaphors relating to martyrdom and the sign of Jonah, and finally, we present disclosure relate metaphors and signs of the times, for which we study metaphors of pass to the other side’ and the ‘enigma’ and interrogation. (shrink)

O bem-estar dos docentes é um tema particularmente relevante e tem vindo a receber um interesse crescente. Contudo, são escassos os estudos em escolas no estrangeiro, motivo pelo qual se apresenta este trabalho que pretende explorar do bem-estar destes professores, em particular, descrever o seu bem-estar subjetivo e o bem-estar na escola, explorando o papel de variáveis pessoais e profissionais no bem-estar dos professores. Para isso, foi recolhida uma amostra de 58 docentes a lecionar em escolas portuguesas no estrangeiro, na (...) sua maioria mulheres, com idades entre os 27 e os 69 anos. Os resultados sugerem um bem-estar subjetivo globalmente positivo, acima do ponto médio, e relações significativas com variáveis organizacionais. Aspectos que são discutidos. Ainda sugeridas novas investigações neste domínio. (shrink)

El artículo estudia la emergencia de testimonios de torturados durante la dictadura militar y posteriormente de testimonios de víctimas de abusos sexuales y de conciencia por parte de sacerdotes chilenos, postulando que estamos frente un nuevo tipo de testimonio que emerge de situaciones de violencia. La pesquisa realiza un análisis semiótico de estos relatos estudiando axiomas que caracterizan este tipo de texto sosteniendo que estos textos poseen una relevancia epistémica y teológica esencial para la superación de la crisis eclesial.

O objetivo deste artigo é explorar a noção de liberdade enquanto parte ontologicamente intransferível do direito natural humano. Não estamos falando da plena liberdade do sábio, que poucos têm de maneira prevalente, mas de uma liberdade de pensar imaginativamente, conforme seu próprio engenho, sua própria índole, e não apenas conforme o engenho do governante, ainda que este tenha o poder de definir o que é justo e piedoso. Examinaremos as bases ontológicas deste tipo de liberdade, bem como suas consequências políticas (...) retratadas no capítulo final do Tratado Teológico-político. Esta liberdade de opinar, decorrência necessária da natureza humana, é acompanhada da exigência de compartilhar as opiniões com os outros, exigência tanto maior quanto maior é a virtude do indivíduo. Desse modo, conforme afetos ativos embrionários operam no ânimo, a parte intransferível dessa liberdade amplia-se num movimento virtuoso que limita o poder do governante de reprimir a expressão pública das opiniões. (shrink)

La pregunta ¿por qué enseñar el Holocausto? ha recibido diversas respuestas, que incluyen la comprensión de su contexto, naturaleza, propósito y el fomento de la diversidad en sociedades plurales. A pesar de su reconocimiento curricular y valor educativo, la producción investigadora en la región hispanoamericana y en España parece limitada. Desde la pedagogía de los traumas colectivos, el presente estudio busca realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura de las contribuciones más recientes a la enseñanza del Holocausto, procedentes de los (...) países que definen ambos contextos geográficos. A partir de la aplicación de las directrices PRISMA,los resultados obtenidos dan cuenta del relegamiento de la educación para una ciudadanía democrática y en Derechos Humanos a una intención didáctica en el tratamiento de la enseñanza del Holocausto como tema controvertido. (shrink)

Children created through mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) are commonly presented as possessing 50% of their mother’s nuclear DNA, 50% of their father’s nuclear DNA and the mitochondrial DNA of an egg donor. This lab-engineered genetic composition has prompted two questions: Do children who are the product of an MRT procedure have threegeneticparents? And, do MRT egg donors have parental responsibilities for the children created? In this paper, I address the second question and in doing so I also address the first (...) one. First, I present a brief account of mitochondrial diseases and MRTs. Second, I examine how MRTs affect the numerical identity of eggs and zygotes. Third, I investigate two genetic accounts of parenthood and MRT egg donation. Fourth, I explore three causal accounts of parenthood and MRT egg donation. My conclusion is that, under the appropriate circumstances, MRT egg donors are parentally responsible for the children created under genetic accounts of parenthood and under causal accounts of parenthood. (shrink)

The United Kingdom is the first and so far only country to pass explicit legislation allowing for the licensed use of the new reproductive technology known as mitochondrial replacement therapy. The techniques used in this technology may prevent the transmission of mitochondrial DNA diseases, but they are controversial because they involve the manipulation of oocytes or embryos and the transfer of genetic material. Some commentators have even suggested that MRT constitutes germline genome modification. All eyes were on the United Kingdom (...) as the most likely location for the first MRT birth, so it was a shock when, on September 27, 2016, an announcement went out that the first baby to result from use of the intervention had already been born. In New York City, United States-based scientist John Zhang used maternal spindle transfer to generate five embryos for a woman carrying oocytes with deleterious mutations of the mitochondrial DNA. Zhang then shipped the only euploid embryo to Mexico, where it was transferred to the mother's uterus. Zhang's team's travel across international borders to carry out experimental procedures represents a form of scientific tourism that has not been properly ethically explored; it can, however, have seriously detrimental effects for developing countries. (shrink)

Several objections against the morality of researching or employing mitochondrial replacement techniques have been advanced recently. In this paper, I examine three of these objections and show that they are found wanting. First I examine whether mitochondrial replacement techniques, research and clinical practice, should not be carried out because of possible harms to egg donors. Next I assess whether mitochondrial replacement techniques should be banned because they could affect the study of genealogical ancestry. Finally, I examine the claim that mitochondrial (...) replacement techniques are not transferring mitochondrial DNA but nuclear DNA, and that this should be prohibited on ethical grounds. (shrink)

In this essay, I explore the question concerning truthmakers for attributions of memory of events, which I express with the schema “S remembers E”. To answer this question, I distinguish remembering in the descriptive sense, which is based on subjective experience, from remembering in the normative sense, which requires some correspondence with actual past events. As a method of approaching attributions of memory, I will use the method of cases. Based on this method, I address the metaphysical problem of the (...) past as the ontological foundation of present truths about memories. This approach, in turn, leads us to a critical analysis of Aristotle's solution, which focuses on the mode of consideration of a mental image. I conclude that while the Aristotelian approach offers valuable insights, a contemporary theory of truthmakers for memory attributions must incorporate elements of the philosophy of memory in order to adequately address the complexities of memory attributions. (shrink)

Recent breakthroughs in stem cell differentiation and reprogramming suggest that functional human gametes could soon be created in vitro. While the ethical debate on the uses of in vitro generated gametes (IVG) was originally constrained by the fact that they could be derived only from embryonic stem cell lines, the advent of somatic cell reprogramming, with the possibility to easily derive human induced pluripotent stem cells from any individual, affords now a major leap in the feasibility of IVG derivation and (...) in the scope of their potential applications. In this paper we develop an ethical framework, rooted in recent scientific evidence, to support a robust experimental pipeline that could enable the first-in-human use of IVG. We then apply this framework to the following objectives: (1) a clarification of the genetic parenting options afforded by IVG, along with their ethical underpinnings; (2) a defence of the use of IVG to remedy infertility, broadening their scope to same-sex couples; (3) an assessment of the most far-reaching implications of IVG for multiplex parenting. These include, first, the liberation of parenting roles from the constraints of biological generations in vivo, allowing multiple individuals to engage in genetic parenting together, thus blurring the distinction between biological and social generations. Second, we discuss the conflation of IVG with sequencing technology and its implications for the possibility that prospective parents may choose among a hitherto unprecedented number of potential children. In view of these perspectives, we argue that, contrary to the exhausted paradigm according to which society lags behind science, IVG may represent instead a salient and most visible instance where biotechnological ingenuity could be used in pursuit of social experimentation. (shrink)

O trabalho investiga o conceito de contemplação no livro II da Ética de Espinosa, levantando os usos do termo, bem como seu sentido preciso, nos contextos de cada um dos gêneros de conhecimento propostos pelo filósofo. A análise destes casos indica que Espinosa utiliza o termo para indicar o conhecimento de singulares, seja no terreno da inadequação ou da adequação. As aparições do termo nas proposições sobre o segundo gênero não comprometem a hipótese, pois não visam ao objeto propriamente dito (...) deste gênero de conhecimento, mas a uma etapa prévia deste. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to defend the following thesis: although Habermas’ turn from «utopia of labour» to «utopia of communication» enables him to better understand some social movements that emerged since 1970s, a defence of social State necessarily need to resort to the steering media «money» and «power». In order to prove this thesis, I first place Habermas’ criticism to welfare State in the context of his career. Then, I analyse Habermas’ criticism to the reificating potential of the (...) steering media «power». Lastly, I try to prove that the kind of commitments undertaken by the social State since his configuration in the mid-20th century cannot be satisfied with the media of action coordination that Habermas calls «solidarity». (shrink)

O presente artigo apresenta uma análise filosófica do conto _Um discurso sobre o método _escrito por Sérgio Sant’Anna. O objetivo da análise é demonstrar que o conto é construído como um esforço de mímesis da filosofia cartesiana. Parte-se do pressuposto que o texto artístico comporta múltiplas interpretações, principalmente quando construído em diálogo com a filosofia. Do tema em destaque, o cartesianismo defende a ideia de que a subjetividade é um dado radical sem ligação com o entorno material, social e cultural. (...) Todavia, o contista contemporâneo discorda deste isolamento e constrói uma narrativa na qual o ‘eu’ é descoberto através de vários métodos. Com isto amplia-se a compreensão hodierna de que o sujeito não está fechado sobre parâmetros científicos estritos, e sim se abre a inúmeras manifestações fenomênicas. Esta análise literária e filosófica vai amparada nos conceitos analíticos de Gerard Genette em _O discurso da narrativa, _assim como em concepções literárias de Edgar Allan Poe, Júlio Cortázar e Ricardo Piglia além, é claro, de algumas obras de René Descartes. O resultado alcançado é um exercício especulativo que, à primeira vista, parece uma crítica ao puro cartesianismo, mas que, ao contrário, se posiciona como um complemento que reconhece e amplia os caminhos da modernidade para o estudo do ‘eu’. Em acréscimo indicam-se semelhanças entre o conto e a obra de Descartes, o que reforça nossa tese de mímesis e complementariedade entre a obra literária e a filosófica. (shrink)

En este artículo se estudia un peculiar recurso discursivo de un cronista barroco del virreinato del Perú: un elogio de las mujeres criollas de la ciudad de Arequipa, que se transforma en una vindicación general de los indígenas como una forma de exaltar a la ciudad criolla a través de una serie de analogías históricas con experiencias e ideales de la tradición hispánica asumibles para una audiencia metropolitana.

Although from a philosophical perspective, many reflections can be brought up about the theorizing process, in this essay, we aim to reflect on the importance of the alignment between ontology and epistemology. This is particularly relevant because deeper discussions about the philosophical roots that underlay the theorizing processes remain as a lack in organizational and management studies. To support our work, we adopted the epistemic-ontological alignment model as a conceptual tool and the Resource-Based View (RBV) and some of its questionings (...) as an example to carry out a reflection exercise about its epistemic-ontological alignment. RBV is a theory that plays a prominent role in management studies, especially in the strategy field. Nevertheless, discussions regarding RBV philosophical foundations are not common in the mainstream of strategic management. After our analysis, we advise that scholars care about the philosophical roots of their theoretical proposals to promote constructive dialogue in their research communities. This can avoid empty discussions and criticisms based on incongruous worldviews. Our reflections also suggest that future research should embrace the plurality of paradigms as a source of renewal and transcendence in the production of knowledge. A multi-paradigmatic movement towards more eclecticism in Administrative Science can help produce new and underexploited combinations of knowledge in the theorizing process. (shrink)

In this paper, we argue that a rich phenomenological description of ?sweet tension? is an important step to understanding how and why sport is a meaningful human endeavour. We introduce the phenomenological concepts of intersubjectivity and horizon and elaborate how they inform the study and understanding of human experience. In the process, we establish that intersubjectivity is always embodied, developing and ethically committed. Likewise, we establish that our horizons are experienced from an embodied, developing and ethically committed perspective that serves (...) as the possibility for new intersubjective engagement. What follows is a discussion of the explanatory role of intersubjectivity and horizon in elucidating experiences of sweet tension in and through sport. The phenomenological account of sweet tension provides insights into the significance of our sporting experiences. Indeed, taking phenomenology seriously represents a commitment to descriptively elucidate what makes such experiences of sport significant and why we long for them. Recognising that sweet tension is a form of intersubjective horizon opens up new avenues for addressing ethical issues in sport as well as in crafting well-balanced games. (shrink)

News about the first baby born after a mitochondrial replacement technique (MRT; specifically maternal spindle transfer) broke on September 27, 2016 and, in a matter of hours, went global. Of special interest was the fact that the mitochondrial replacement procedure happened in Mexico. One of the scientists behind this world first was quoted as having said that he and his team went to Mexico to carry out the procedure because, in Mexico, there are no rules. In this paper, we explore (...) Mexico's rule of law in relation to mitochondrial replacement techniques and show that, in fact, certain instances of MRTs are prohibited at the federal level and others are prohibited at the state level. According to our interpretation of the law, the scientists behind this first successful MRT procedure broke federal regulations regarding assisted fertilization research. (shrink)

In this article we follow the reception made by Augustine of Hippo of the Manichean myth; in this we see his visceral reaction against the doctrine of Mani, since –in addition to the apologetic elements properly– there is a clear attempt to take psychological distance from a religious experience that marked it in depth, in every way. In this controversial context we can also discern central aspects of a text that had liturgical value and which, as such, was of capital (...) importance to the Manichaean communities. This Augustinian reading has as horizon the near collapse of the Roman Empire of the West and the ever-increasing confrontation of Constantinople with Persian Empire, the mobility of its borders and the partly political and partly religious persecutions that Manichaeism underwent. (shrink)

What's New will present discussions of new methodologies or improvements of previously developed techniques. In this article, A. C. Cuello and C. Milstein discuss the present status of monoclonal antibody technology..

Jürgen Habermas is regarded as a central bioconservative commentator in the debate on the ethics of human prenatal genetic manipulations. While his main work on this topic, The Future of Human Nature, has been widely examined in regard to his position on prenatal genetic enhancement, his arguments regarding prenatal genetic therapeutic interventions have for the most part been overlooked. In this work I do two things. First, I present the three necessary conditions that Habermas establishes for a prenatal genetic manipulation (...) to be regarded as morally permissible. Second, I examine if mitochondrial replacement techniques meet these necessary conditions. I investigate, specifically, the moral permissibility of employing pronuclear transfer and maternal spindle transfer. I conclude that, according to a Habermasian perspective on prenatal genetic manipulation, maternal spindle transfer and pronuclear transfer are morally impermissible. Maternal spindle transfer is, in principle, morally permissible, but only when we have beforehand preselected a sperm and an egg for our reproductive purpose. These findings are relevant for bioconservatives, both for those who hold a Habermasian stance and for those who hold something akin to a Habermasian stance, because they answer the question: what should bioconservatives do regarding mitochondrial replacement techniques? In fact, the answer to this question does not only normatively prescribe what bioconservatives should do in terms of their personal morality, but it also points towards what kind of legislation regulating mitochondrial replacement techniques they should aim at. (shrink)

The capability approach is gaining momentum as a theory of corporate responsibility and business ethics at a time when the UN Guiding Principles have become a most important framework. A novel approach is now emerging that seeks to understand and specify human rights obligations of businesses within the framework provided by the capability approach. This article partially examines the triad corporate responsibility–human rights–capability approach by exploring the relationship between human rights and capabilities. Thus, it offers conceptual and practical implications for (...) a human rights perspective on corporate responsibility. The bulk of our thesis focuses on studying Nussbaum’s and Sen’s claim that human rights are entitlements to capabilities by means of a discussion of the notion of human dignity. In particular, we show the capability approach’s ability to dissipate theoretical and practical challenges posed by the notion of dignity. This article does not offer a detailed explanation of the implications of our investigation for human rights responsibilities of business. However, an outline of its potential contribution toward unfolding those obligations, conceptually and practically, is provided. (shrink)